Metacognition Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Essay Example

Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Essay Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Metacognition: Students Employing a Metacognitive Perspective Enjoy Certain Advantages Introduction Metacognition is defined as the process of â€Å"thinking about thinking.† Metacognition is the process of monitoring and controlling of one’s own knowledge, actions and emotions through assessing them or thinking about them. For instance, when one reads a complex text and finds it hard to comprehend, one can evaluate their learning strategy. Evaluating or thinking about the best strategy for reading the texts amounts to metacognition. Additionally, metacognition involves monitoring one’s own cognitive processes. This is how one learns and comprehends things. When one is aware of the problems they have within their cognition, they are able to focus on what works for them. Another definition of metacognition specific for education is the ability of students being aware of their understanding level in different topics. Thus, when students use metacognition, they are well positioned to evaluate what they already know about a topic, and what they need to learn. This gives them an added advantage when it comes to learning, since they are aware of what problems they have with their learning. The ability to know and understand one’s own cognitive processes allows students to find out the best learning strategies as well as their strengths in comprehending while learning, allowing them to employ other strategies that better improves their performance. Practically, the ability to be self aware of one’s cognitive abilities and processes enables them to regulate their cognition, maximize their potential in learning, thinking, and evaluating themselves as well as their performance. Students using metacognition have a great advantage since the ability to be self aware of one’s own level of knowledge and cognition processes helps them in making better decisions concerning their studies such as learning strategies to use and what to study. Metacognition and Learning Process and Strategy Metacognition is about the awareness of one’s own level of knowledge and learning processes or cognitive processes. Cognitive process in learning refers to the process through which a person learns new things, such as through reading, observations, and listening. Using metacognition in evaluating the cognitive processes one can realize what would be their best cognitive strategy for learning. For instance, some people will know that learning in a library through engaging in in-depth reading, works better for them in certain topics, while others may know that comprehending a scientific text will require them to read wider than when comprehending history texts. Thus, understanding of one’s own cognitive process is a step towards improving performance. Metacognition allows students to questions themselves about the ideal active learning technique for them. Seeking to find out the ideal active learning technique allows students to find out what their learning capabilities a re. With the ideal learning technique in mind, one can use it on the topics they need to comprehend. Lack of knowledge on one’s own cognitive process or learning process will lead students to using the wrong learning methods, probably those that might not be ideal for them. For instance, some students will only be aware of reading to pass quizzes instead of reading to apply knowledge. This could work for topics that do not need application. However, for other topics such as literature where one is supposed to apply the knowledge in analyzing other materials, such students will be in trouble analyzing other works. Therefore, they end up fining it hard to understand some topics. Some topics are hard to comprehend than others, requiring extra keenness and focus. However, without knowing about one’s own ideal learning strategy, one may use the wrong technique, and end up never comprehending the topic. Some people will learn better through seeking answers to questions, whil e other will learn better through reading deeper and taking notes for revision. Therefore, learning about the learning strategies available would be the first requirement for students in order to have several to choose from depending on the topics and the ideal strategy. Metacognition and Level of Knowledge Lang (2012) explains that metacognition â€Å"is a person’s awareness of his or her own level of knowledge and thought processes. In education, it has to do with students’ awareness of their actual level of understanding of a topic.† About understanding of one’s own thought has already been addressed in the previous paragraph. In this paragraph, the focus is about awareness of one’s level of knowledge. Understanding of one’s own level of knowledge is about awareness of what one already knows, and what one does not. Many students will feel that they understand a certain topic well after reading it. The truth could be they are not aware of what they know and do not know. For instance, some students might have confidence about a certain topic, only to receive poor grades after an exam. They feel the answers they gave are satisfactory, but the truth is that they do not know the level of their knowledge. In short, they have poor metacognition, and can hardly realize this. â€Å"Weaker students typically have poor metacognition; they are grossly overconfident in their level of understanding. They think they have a good understanding when they really have a shallow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lang 2012). He further says that such lack of metacognition contributes to poor decisions by such students, where thinking they already know a lot stops them from reading widely. They stop studying topic, even before they have enough in-depth knowledge and comprehension that is necessary for handling examination questions. On the other hand, students with better metacognition will understand the level of their knowledge, be aware of what they know as well as what they do not know. This will help them in reading deeper in order to establish what they have not covered. Students with good metacognition have a chance of improving their performance since they are aware of what they need to do to improve unlike those who lack metacognition, and never know what to do to improve. Social Metacognition Metacognition is a matter of assessing one’s own knowledge and learning processes as explained. Some people will have good metacognition while others will lack good metacognition. The above two parts focus on individual metacognition for improving performance, while social performance also helps students in improving their performance. Social metacognition is about assessing the level of knowledge and learning processes of other people. Chiu and Kuo (2010) cite â€Å"social metacognition is an extension of metacognition into group interactions† (321). When students come together for group discussions, they can help each other through assessing each other’s metacognition. For instance, when two students, A and B engage in a discussion, A could realize that B is using a method that is quite complex to comprehend. When A realizes the learning strategy used by B is wrong, he is engaging in social metacognition, since he assesses the strategy used by B. A could sugge st another strategy to B, which could work better. Using groups enables the two students to help each other out, and this could go a long way in helping improve their individual metacognition. Through social metacognition, individuals can realize some of their strategies are not acceptable by learning other strategies from other students. Thus, monitoring and controlling each other’s knowledge and learning processes to solve group problems, helps students in assessing their own processes while learning from others. â€Å"Social metacognition distributes metacognitive demands among group members, increases the visibility of one another’s metacognition, and improves individual cognition, resulting in a reciprocal scaffolding and greater motivation,† (Chiu and Kuo, 2010. p.322). This goes ahead to help students in improving their performance the ability of social metacognition in highlighting individual limitations, expanding of their understanding and helping in s haring of knowledge. Counter Argument Despite the ability of metacognition in improving performance to students who use it, it could also act in the opposite direction. Students are likely to devote a lot of time to metacognitive processes and end up evaluating themselves incorrectly. Additionally, Chiu and Kuo (2010) cite that students could end up scaffolding poorly. However, through social metacognition, some of these difficulties could be avoided since one will be assessed by others, making evaluation more accurate. On the other hand, social metacognition is limited especially where one person might dominate others, and communication difficulties. Despite the benefits of metacognition, assessing and evaluating oneself is not easy and poses problems of inaccuracy. Annotated Bibliography Chiu, M.M., Kuo, S.W. (2010). From Metacognition to Social Metacognition: Similarities, Differences, and Learning. Journal of Education, 3 (4): 321- 338 In this article, Chiu and Kou explore the ideas behind metacognition and social metacognition. They cite that individual metacognition is controlling and monitoring of one’s own knowledge and, emotions, and actions, while social refers to the same, but in this case done to others in a groups where one assesses and controls other people’s knowledge. They explore the differences and similarities of the two, as well as their benefits and difficulties. The article provides a reliable source of secondary research. Lang J. M. (2012). Metacognition and Student Learning. The Chronicle of Higher Education In this article, the author explores and explains metacognition through examples in real life. For instance, he starts by mentioning about how people will enjoy watching some poor singers who went for auditions in the Idols reality show, believing they are good while they are pathetic. He goes ahead to explain metacognition in relation to education. He cites that metacognition in education is about knowing one’s own level of knowledge about a particular topic. He goes ahead to cite other professionals in the area about metacognition and ways of learning metacognition. The article is ideal for research on identifying metacognition in people and ways it can be used in helping students improve performance. References Chiu, M.M., Kuo, S.W. (2010). From Metacognition to Social Metacognition: Similarities, Differences, and Learning. Journal of Education, 3 (4): 321- 338 Lang J. M. (2012). Metacognition and Student Learning. The Chronicle of Higher Education

Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays

Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Pulmonary edema is a medical condition, in which, the fluid is accumulated in air spaces and parenchyma of lung cells. This affects the gas exchange activity by lungs and leads to respiratory failure. In case of severe pulmonary edema, the condition could be life-threatening and need emergency medical treatment. The important causes includes cardiac arrest and cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, kidney failure, upper airway obstruction and others. The major symptoms includes shortness of breath, blood coughing, heavy sweating, which leads to respiratory failure and may also cause death.Visit Complete Report Here: marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/pulmonary-edema-market-global-industry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2013-2019 The diagnosis of pulmonary edema is possible through chest x-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, renal and liver function tests and blood tests for electrolytes concentration. The disease is managed through emergency management techniques, such as, proper ventilation (natural or mechanical), antibiotics (if pulmonary edema is induced by lung infections), loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide), respiratory distress agents (morphine), and antipyretics (to minimize pains). The market of emergency management techniques and medicaments is expected to grow in the upcoming future. However, the disease can be prevented via use of dexamethasone and sildenafil (to prevent high altitude hypoxia) and steady physical activities. Some of the key drivers propelling the growth of global market includes, increased prevalence of cardiac attacks and associated disorders, change in lifestyle, extensive RD activities, increasedawareness about cardiac arrest preventive therapies and increase in pollution. Increased prevalence of cardiac arrest is one of the major factor contributing to the growth of this market.

11 High-Paying Jobs with High Job Satisfaction

11 High-Paying Jobs with High Job Satisfaction You hear a lot about the â€Å"American dream,† and although it ultimately means something different to everyone, there tend to be some common themes: making money doing something you find satisfying/fulfilling/enjoyable. No career is going to be all sunshine and flowers all the time- no matter what you do, or how much you love your job, there will be lousy days, and days where you just don’t want to go to work. But on the whole, if you know you’re doing something satisfying and are making a solid amount of money doing it, you’re doing pretty well. So what are these fields that have high satisfaction coupled with high paychecks? The folks at PayScale have done a survey to help illuminate this magic career intersection. Let’s look at 11 of their top high satisfaction, high pay jobs.Radiation TherapistHealthcare careers rate pretty highly on this list, especially the more skilled positions. In medicine or healthcare, you have pretty clear outcomes- if you’ve helped treat someone or helped them to recover from an illness or injury, that’s a pretty clear reward. Radiation therapists treat cancer and other diseases with the use of radiation treatments and equipment.Education needed: Associate’s degree or Bachelor’s degree, plus licensing or certification in most statesMedian salary: $80,220Satisfaction rate: 86%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 14% by 2024 (significantly faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation Administrator (Elementary, Middle, and High School)If, like Whitney Houston, you believe that children are our future, becoming a school administrator is a job that pays well and gives a high personal sense of accomplishment and difference-making. School administrators (often principals or other executive roles) are responsible for managing all school operations- daily activities, faculty and staff, curricula, safety, budgets, etc. It’s a role th at carries a lot of responsibility, and often requires a tough-but-fair persona to make sure that everything is running smoothly, safely, and productively for students.Education needed: Master’s degreeMedian salary: $90,410Satisfaction rate: 88%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 6% by 2024 (about average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsPhysical TherapistPhysical therapists take an active role in helping patients recover from illness or injury, as well as improve movement and manage pain/symptoms. These professionals focus on helping people regain range of motion, and the kinds of skills they need to cope with everyday activities. Physical therapists don’t spend their days behind a desk- they’re usually found working directly with patients. Physical therapists work in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and public health facilities.Education needed: Doctorate of Physical Therapy (DPT), plus licensing (which is currently required in all state s)Median salary: $84,020Satisfaction rate: 79%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 34% by 2024 (way faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsPediatricianProfessionals who work with kids tend to report high job satisfaction in general, especially if they are actively helping children. Not all of these rewarding careers are high-paying, though- for example, child social workers report very high satisfaction with their jobs, but earn a median income of $33,900. For a career path that is highly rated and high-paying, consider going into pediatric medicine. Pediatricians are physicians that exclusively treat children, ranging from infants to adolescents. They work in hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare facilities.Education needed: Medical DoctorateMedian salary: $149,000Satisfaction rate: 89%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 14% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsAudiologistIf you’ve ever se en those viral videos where little kids with hearing disabilities hear something (a parent’s voice, music, animal sounds) for the first time, you may not have noticed the medical professional close by. (Or, if you’re like me, you may not have noticed anything, because you were sniffling too hard while pretending not to be crying at your desk.) The person you don’t always see- but is almost always present- in those moments is an audiologist, whose work with the patient helped enable him or her to hear better. Audiologists work in hospitals, clinics, or healthcare facilities to diagnose, manage, and treat a patient’s hearing, balance, or ear problems.Education needed: Doctorate or professional degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $74,890Satisfaction rate: 70%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 29% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsOccupational Therapist Assista ntsOccupational therapists work as part of a care team (and usually under the direction of an occupational therapist) to help patients develop or recover the skills they need to live and work every day. Occupational therapist assistants are often the ones working most directly with patients, helping them move, walk, and learn how to perform work or personal care tasks after an injury or in coping with a chronic illness.Education needed: Associate’s degree or Bachelor’s degree, plus licensing or certification in most statesMedian salary: $54,520Satisfaction rate: 81%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 40% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsOptometristMuch like the audiologists above, optometrists find great fulfillment in helping patients with another sense: sight, this time. Optometrists are Allied Health professionals who examine eyes, evaluate eye health, diagnose problems, prescribe glasses and contact lenses, and help treat eye diseases and injuries.Education needed: Doctorate or professional degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $103,900Satisfaction rate: 81%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 27% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsDental HygienistDental hygienists often get the â€Å"bad cop† tasks in the dentist’s office, since they’re the ones who can tell you’re totally lying when you say you floss every single day, rain or shine. Yet despite that, they feel pretty happy about their career day-to-day satisfaction (79%), likely because they provide front-line dental care, and work with patients on follow up care to keep those choppers white and pearly. Dental hygienists clean teeth, evaluate signs of oral disease (like gingivitis), assist dentists during procedures, and educate patients on preventative and follow-up care.Education needed: Associate’s degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $72,330Satisfaction rate: 79%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 19% by 2024 (faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsArbitrator/MediatorIf you have strong negotiation skills and like the satisfaction of sealing a deal that works for all parties, then becoming an arbitrator/mediator might be right for you. These professionals basically broker agreements and resolve conflicts between parties by providing a neutral facilitator and keeping an open dialogue between the parties. Not everyone gets what they want, but the arbitrator him- or herself gets a career that offers satisfying resolutions to tricky problems.Education needed: Bachelor’s degree, with supplemental studies in conflict resolutionMedian salary: $58,020Satisfaction rate: 90%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 9% by 2024 (faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsPublic Relation s ManagerPublic relations managers thrive on public buzz, and making sure that their company, brand, or client is getting the right recognition with the target audience. Public relations professionals come up with campaigns, manage press relations, set messaging and branding, and work to maintain their brand’s public image. As the face or voice for a company or brand, it can be a demanding role, but receives high marks for overall job satisfaction.Education needed: Associate’s degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $60,660Satisfaction rate: 73%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 7% by 2024 (about average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsMedical and Health Services ManagerMedical and health services managers, also known as healthcare managers, are part of the wave of growing healthcare jobs in general, and insurance-related jobs especially, as that technology and legal/insurance implications grow and change. These managers plan, direct, and coordinate medical and health services in physicians’ offices, hospitals, agencies, or other healthcare settings.Education needed: Bachelor’s degreeMedian salary: $94,500Satisfaction rate: 81%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 17% by 2024 (must faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsWhile these jobs may not have the million-dollar signing bonuses of your childhood baseball-playing dreams, or the glamour of your secret Oscar-winning aspirations, they’re career paths that are achievable (and realistic) if you’re able to put in the time, energy, and education to chase that high-paying, high-satisfaction job.

The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis and the Sino-Soviet Split Essay

The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis and the Sino-Soviet Split - Essay Example The present research has identified that during the period from 1924-1927, China and the USSR suffered under poorly managed governments. After 1945, Stalin demonstrated a residual resistance to lending aid to the Chinese Communists.   However, with China’s establishment of the Chinese People’s Republic and the rise of Communism in China, both nations found a way to iron out their differences and to work together in solidarity. By the 1950s the common belief among the international community was that communist China and the USSR were impenetrable allies engaged in a common goal to ensure that Communism was a major influence on the world. There was more than enough evidence to support this perception. Under Mao Tse-tung’s leadership, China formally aligned itself with the USSR. When the Communist in North Korea invaded the Republic of Korea, China intervened and the USSR lent military aid. Regardless, by the 1960s, the Sino-Soviet Alliance was practically shatter ed as their respective ideologies and policies were increasingly at odds. The office of the US Central Intelligence Agency reported to the US’s administrators in February 1962 that: Sino-Soviet relations are in a critical phase just short of an acknowledged and definitive split. There is no longer much of a fundamental resolution of differences. In our view, the chances that such a split can be avoided in 1962 are no better than ever. There are a number of theories put forth by historians and political scientists attempting to understand the driving force splitting the union between the world’s two largest Communist states. Athwal argues that the US’ â€Å"nuclear superiority† put increasing pressures on Sino-Soviet relations and policies by first influencing China to obtain nuclear weapons and by forcing the Soviets to look to the West in a more amicable way. Moreover, both China and the Soviet Union had different perceptions of the US threat which creat ed additional tensions between the USSR and China. In addition, the US policies toward the Chinese Communist Party and the US sponsorship of CENTO and SEATO and its presence in South Asia placed continuing pressure on Sino-Soviet relations contributing to the split.

Law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Law and ethics - Essay Example Moreover, a cursory search on the web reveals a litany of legal firms offering assistance with navigating the complex regulations surrounding performing business in Kuwait (Keay, 2013). The effect of such a level of regulatory steps is of course necessary on some level; due to the fact that without regulation many less than honest firms would set up shop and take advantage of the system. However, as has been mentioned by many scholars with regards to this particular topic, the fact of the matter is that many of these business regulations have been made by individuals that do not have a special understanding of the business process; therefore, they are not adequate or efficient in regulating and only serve to provide a net loss of utility and efficiency with regards to doing business in Kuwait. With regards to a positive effect of this level of regulatory constraints, it can and should of course be noted that this allows Kuwait to exhibit a degree of control over the type and scope of business operations that take place within the nation. By ensuring that a high level of business laws and regulations governing business exist, the stakeholders within the government are able to specifically manage the growth of certain key sectors that they believe represent a threat while they are able to cultivate and promote other sectors that they believe offer a net benefit to the system as a whole. Discuss the fact that Kuwait is a renter state and how this is impacting the business environment negatively. One of the biggest threats to the continued viability of the government of Kuwait and other economies that are over-dependent upon the revenue from their natural resources is the fact that the other segments of the economy often atrophy. Due to the fact that such a very high level of profitability is able to be gleaned from oil and gas, nations such as Kuwait have been known to suffer from what is known as â€Å"Dutch disease†. Dutch disease is so termed due to the situation that exhibited itself in Holland during the 1970’s when large fields of natural gas were discovered within Holland. As these resources were tapped, the whole of economic power shifted and the natural gas industry ballooned into the largest sector of the Dutch economy. Ultimately, this served to weaken the economic position of Holland as a whole as the nation became overly dependent upon the revenue from the gas fields and allowed other, formerly profitable, aspects of their economies to wither and atrophy. In much the same way, the fact that Kuwait is so dependent upon the likes of Shell, BP, and Exxon as â€Å"renters† to their natural resources poses a significant threat to the continued viability of the economy. As a means of approaching this unique threat, it will of course be the responsibility of stakeholders within the government and private sector to seek to build key aspects of domestic production in order to offset the threat of becoming dependent u pon the rents that natural resource seeking firms extract from the nation. Due to the fact that just like with the example of Holland which has previously been discussed, these natural resources will eventually run out, it will be the responsibility of these stakeholders to seek to build a solid foundation now so that when this happens, Kuwait will

what would jesus brew :: essays research papers

Is Justified True Belief Really Knowledge? So, you think you found some truth in the traditional concepts that knowledge is true belief? Well, I just might have to burst your bubble and join up with Edmond L. Gettier’s famous counterexample’s to these particular beliefs. Gettier, published these ambitious counterexamples in a June 1963 article entitled, â€Å"Is Justified Knowledge True Belief.† The traditional concepts of knowledge seem to hold that the following three stipulations are jointly sufficient in verifying the claim that S knows p ( where S is some entity with the capacity for knowing and p is some proposition or claim): (i) p is true, (ii), S believes that p, and (iii), S is justified in believing that p. Gettier’s counterexamples demonstrate situations in which justified true belief does not lend to the yield of knowledge. Before stating his cases, Gettier is quick to note two points; The first being â€Å"it is possible for a person(S) to be justified in believing a proposition(p) that is in fact false.† And secondly, for any time S is justified in believing p, and p entails q which S then deduces from p and is then justified in believing q. This means that if a person(S) is justified in believing a false proposition, then they are justified in believing other false propositions or propositions that turn out to be true based on false propositions . Gettier, provides two cases, using two subjects(Smith and Jones), that are directly pertaining to two falicies inherent within the traditional beliefs of knowledge. In the first case, Gettier supposes that the two subjects(Smith and Jones) are both applying for a certain job and that Smith has strong evidence that Jones will get the job and that Jones also has ten coins in his pocket. This proposition could be verified if Smith was assured by the president of the company that Jones would get the job and also that Smith had recently counted the number of coins in Jones’ pocket. From this proposition you can then go on to deduct that â€Å"The man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket.† Gettier then supposes that Smith sees this and is justified in believing so. Now here’s the contradiction, imagine that unknown to Smith, he is actually the one who will receive the job and that also unknown to Smith, he coincidentally also has ten coins in his pocket.

Nigerian Legal System Essay

The settlements in due course, either by conquest or by other growth processes, metamorphosed into kingdoms, empires and principalities, which by accident of history and by numerous geographical handicaps II or fortunes (as the case might be), attained varying levels of political, social, cultural and economic development. Certain physical features influenced the occupational distribution of the early settlers, as well as their type of ancestral workshop. For example, northwards were savanna areas; the inhabitants were chiefly pastoral; they worshipped the god of the sky. Southwards were the forest belts; for the settlers who were mainly farmers, the object of their worship was the god of land. Still further southwards are the coastland areas; the settlers were mainly fishermen and they worshipped the goddess of the sea. With time, these groups interacted with considerable frequency and in consonance with some established and regular process. Indeed, the notion of settlement itself connotes a level of human organisation; and where there is an organization, there has to be a scheme of rules or laws and compulsion to enforce obedience if the group or society must survive and continue. Each of the ethnic- linguistic groups therefore had its own concept of law, judicial process and customary laws without which human society could not exist. These laws played a prominent role in the regulation of the affairs of members of the group. They varied with space, character and level of socio-economic development and challenges which faced the various settlements. As should be expected therefore, there were manifestation of different (and sometimes conflicting) ways and conditions as one moved from one place or age to another or one empire or kingdom to another and across the jurisdiction of different customary laws.